Expansion of Hong Kong International Airport into a Three-Runway System

Updated Environmental Monitoring and Audit Manual

December 2020

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Contents

1      Introduction 

1.1    Purpose of the Manual

1.2    Project Description 

1.3    Tentative Construction Programme 

1.4    Project Organisation 

2      Air Quality Impact 

2.1    Construction Air Quality Monitoring

2.2    Operational Air Quality Monitoring 

3      Hazard to Human Life

3.1    Introduction

3.2    Recommendation 

4      Noise Impact

4.1    Aircraft Noise Monitoring

4.2    Fixed Noise Sources Monitoring

4.3    Construction Airborne Noise Monitoring

4.4    Road Traffic and Marine Traffic Noise Monitoring

5      Water Quality Impact

5.1    Construction Water Quality Monitoring

5.2    Operation Water Quality Monitoring

6      Sewerage and Sewage Treatment Implications

6.1    Construction Phase Monitoring

6.2    Operation Phase Monitoring

7      Waste Management Implications

7.1    Construction Phase Monitoring

7.2    Operation Phase Monitoring

8      Land Contamination

8.1    Construction Phase Monitoring

8.2    Operation Phase Monitoring

9      Terrestrial Ecological Impact

9.1    Ecological Mitigation Measures

9.2    Pre-construction Egretry Survey

9.3    Ecological Monitoring

10    Marine Ecological Impact

10.1  Introduction

10.2  Ecological Monitoring

10.3  Detailed Implementation of Dolphin Exclusion Zone

10.4  Acoustic Decoupling

10.5  Action/Limit Levels and Event Action Plan for CWD

10.6  Ecological Audit Requirement

11    Fisheries Impact

11.1  Introduction

11.2  Mitigation Measures

12    Landscape and Visual Impact

12.1  Introduction

12.2  Baseline Monitoring

12.3  Mitigation Measures

12.4  Environmental Monitoring and Audit Requirements

12.5  Monitoring Programs

12.6  Construction Phase & Establishment Period

12.7  Event and Action Plan

13    Cultural Heritage

14    Environmental Auditing

14.1  Site Inspection

14.2  Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements

14.3  Checklist of Key EIA Assumptions

14.4  Environmental Complaints

14.5  Environmental Log-book

15    Reporting

15.1  Introduction

15.2  Baseline Monitoring Reports

15.3  Monthly EM&A Reports

15.4  Quarterly EM&A Report

15.5  Annual EM&A Report

15.6  Final EM&A Review Report

15.7  Data Keeping

15.8  Interim Notifications of Environmental Quality Limit Exceedances

16    Reference

Appendices

Appendix A.       3RS Phasing Programme

Appendix B.       Sampling Environmental Monitoring Data Recording Sheet

Appendix C.      Implementation Schedule

Appendix D.      Sample Environmental Log-book

Appendix E.       Checklist of Key Assumptions Adopted in the EIA Report

Appendix F.       Sample Template for Interim Notifications

 

 

 

 

Tables

Table 2‑1:           Construction Air Quality Monitoring Stations  10

Table 2‑2:           Updated Locations of Construction Air Quality Monitoring Stations  11

Table 2‑3:           Action and Limit Levels for Air Quality  13

Table 2‑4:           Event and Action Plan for Air Quality  14

Table 2.5:           Operational Air Quality Monitoring  16

Table 2.6:           The Existing Monitoring Equipment Adopted at South Station, North Station and Sha Chau Station  17

Table 2.7:           Concentration Breakdown for the Cumulative Annual NO2 Impact at the Key Sensitive Area under the 3RS scenario in Year 2031  17

Table 4‑1:           Construction Noise Monitoring Stations  26

Table 4‑2:           Construction Noise Monitoring Stations  27

Table 4‑3:           Action and Limit Levels for Construction Noise  28

Table 4‑4:           Event and Action Plan for Construction Noise  29

Table 5‑1:           Laboratory Analysis for SS, Nutrients and Heavy Metals  33

Table 5‑2:           Water Quality Monitoring Stations (baseline and impact monitoring) 34

Table 5‑3:           Location of IM1 to IM12 during Deployment of the Enhanced Silt Curtains  37

Table 5‑4:           Action and Limit Levels for Water Quality  43

Table 5‑5:           Action and Limit Levels for General Impact Water Quality Monitoring and Regular DCM Monitoring  44

Table 5‑6:           Action and Limit Levels for Intensive DCM Monitoring  45

Table 5‑7:           Action Level and Limit Level for SR1A and SR8  46

Table 5‑8:           Event and Action Plan for General Impact Water Quality Monitoring  46

Table 5‑9:           Event and Action Plan for DCM Process  48

Table 5‑10:          Treated Effluent Quality Criteria for Greywater Treatment Facility  51

Table 7.1:           Action and Limit Level of Construction Waste  54

Table 7‑2:           Summary of Waste Arising during Construction Phase  56

Table 10‑1:          Land-based Survey Station Details  70

Table 10‑2:          Approach for Defining Action Level and Limit Level 80

Table 10‑3:          Derived Values of Action Level and Limit Level 80

Table 10-4:          Event and Action Plan for CWD   81

Table 12‑1:          Monitoring Programme for Landscape and Visual 90

Table 12‑2:          Preliminary Funding, Implementation, Management and Maintenance Proposal 90

Table 12‑3:          Event and Action Plan for Landscape and Visual 91

Table 14.1:          Environmental Complaint Channels  96

 

Charts

Chart 1‑1:            Project Organisation Chart 3

Chart 5‑1:            Flow Chart for DCM Monitoring  41

Chart 7.1:            Event and Action Plan for Non-compliance of the WMP, Contract-specific WMPs, Any Statutory and Contractual Requirements  55

 

Drawings

MCL/P132/EMA/1-001                Key Project Components – Land Formation

MCL/P132/EMA/1-002                Key Project Components – Airfield Facilities

MCL/P132/EMA/1-003                Key Project Components – Passenger Facilities

MCL/P132/EMA/1-004                Key Project Components – Road Network and Key Infrastructure

MCL/P132/EMA/2-001                Locations of Air Quality Monitoring Stations (Construction)

MCL/P132/EMA/2-002                Locations of Air Quality Monitoring Stations (Operation)

MCL/P132/EMA/4-001                Locations of Construction Noise Monitoring Stations

MCL/P132/EMA/5-001                Updated Water Quality Monitoring Stations for Submarine 11 kV Cable Diversion Works

MCL/P132/EMA/5-002b              Updated Water Quality Monitoring Stations for Land Formation Works

MCL/P132/EMA/5-002c              Location of Impact Monitoring (IM) Stations during Enhanced Silt Curtain Deployment

MCL/P132/EMA/5-003                Indicative Locations for DCM Monitoring Stations

MCL/P132/EMA/9-001                Boundary of Sha Chau Egretry and Alternatives of the Daylighting Locations

MCL/P132/EMA/10-001              Pre-Construction Phase Coral Dive Survey Locations

MCL/P132/EMA/10-002            Vessel Based Dolphin Monitoring Transects in Baseline Monitoring

MCL/P132/EMA/10-003              Vessel Based Dolphin Monitoring Transects in Construction, Post-Construction and Operation Phases

MCL/P132/EMA/10-004             Land Based Dolphin Monitoring in Baseline and Construction Phases

MCL/P132/EMA/10-005             Locations for Autonomous Passive Acoustic Monitoring in Baseline and Construction Phases

MCL/P132/EMA/10-006              Schematic Diagram of Noise Isolation Pad for PME

MCL/P132/EMA/12-001.1          Landscape and Visual Mitigation Arrangement Plan – Chek Lap Kok

MCL/P132/EMA/12-001.2          Landscape and Visual Mitigation Arrangement Blow Up Plan – Chek Lap Kok

MCL/P132/EMA/12-001.3          Landscape and Visual Mitigation Arrangement Blow Up Plan – Chek Lap Kok

MCL/P132/EMA/12-001.4          Landscape and Visual Mitigation Arrangement Blow Up Plan – Chek Lap Kok

MCL/P132/EMA/12-001.5          Landscape and Visual Mitigation Arrangement Blow Up Plan – Chek Lap Kok

MCL/P132/EMA/12.001.6          Landscape and Visual Mitigation Arrangement Plan  – Sha Chau

MCL/P132/EMA/14-001              Flow Chart of Complaint Investigation Procedures

 

 

 

 


1        Introduction

1.1             Purpose of the Manual

1.1.1.1      In accordance with Condition 3.1 of Environmental Permit (EP) (EP No. EP-489/2014), an updated Environmental Monitoring and Audit (EM&A) Manual shall be prepared before the commencement of construction works. The first submission of Updated EM&A was made to the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) on 18 September 2015, and finalised and release via the project’s dedicated website in January 2016.

1.1.1.2      The purpose of this updated EM&A Manual (hereafter referred to as the Manual) is to guide the setup of an EM&A programme to ensure compliance with the recommendations in the approved Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report (Register No. AEIAR-185/2014), to assess the effectiveness of the recommended mitigation measures and to identify any further need for additional mitigation measures or remedial action. This Manual outlines the monitoring and audit programme proposed for the “Expansion of Hong Kong International Airport into a Three-Runway System” (the project).

1.1.1.3      In this updated submission, Section 5 incorporates revised sensitive receiver water quality monitoring locations. Section 10 incorporates an alternative method for passive acoustic monitoring of Chinese White Dolphin and the alternative approach for undertaking Dolphin Exclusion Zone Monitoring.

1.2             Project Description

1.2.1.1      The project will consist of a new third runway with associated taxiways, aprons (or aircraft stands), as well as new passenger concourse buildings and expansion of the existing Terminal 2 (T2) building. Included in the project will be related airside and landside works and associated ancillary and supporting facilities.

1.2.2         Land Formation

1.2.2.1      Based on the preferred airport development option identified, land is required to be formed to the north of the existing airport island, which will provide a platform for the development. The proposed land formation works will mainly include:

     Land formation of not more than 650 ha to the north of the existing airport island with partial construction over the contaminated mud pits. The area of land formation is defined to be the area at and above the high water mark of +2.3 mPD; and

     Modification and integration of the existing seawall at the northern, western and eastern sides of the existing North Runway into the new land formation and re-provisioning of new seawall around the land formation.

1.2.3         Airfield Facilities

1.2.3.1      The proposed airfield facilities will mainly include:

     Construction of a third runway, related taxiway systems, associated airfield infrastructure, aircraft navigational aids, approach lighting systems and new Hong Kong International Airport Approach Area (HKIAAA) beacons;

     Construction of the third runway passenger concourse (TRC) aprons;

     Temporary closure and modification of the existing North Runway along with related taxiway systems; and

     Expansion of the freighter aprons in the existing Midfield area between the existing North and South runways.

1.2.4         Passenger Facilities

1.2.4.1      The proposed passenger facilities will mainly include:

     Construction of the TRC and passenger fixed link bridges;

     Expansion of the existing passenger T2;

     Extension of the automated people mover (APM) and associated depot and maintenance / stabling areas; and

     Expansion of the baggage handling system (BHS) and associated baggage halls and early bag store.

1.2.5         Ancillary Facilities

1.2.5.1      New ancillary facilities will be provided to support the operational needs of the TRC and airfield facilities. These ancillary facilities will be located on the west and east sides of the proposed land formation area (i.e. within the western support area and the eastern support area respectively) and will accommodate utility buildings, airport support developments, air cargo staging, catering, aircraft maintenance, aircraft engine run-up (engine testing) facilities, ground services equipment area, early bag storage facility, fire station, fire training facility, petrol fuelling station, new air traffic control towers (ATCTs), Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) facility, mobile phone system antenna towers, stores, security gate houses, etc.

1.2.6         Infrastructure and Utilities

1.2.6.1      The proposed infrastructure and utilities will mainly include:

     Expansion of the landside and airside road network in the passenger, cargo and maintenance areas and landside transportation facilities, including new car parks;

     Construction of new airside road access, including the construction of new airside road tunnels and ramps, to connect the new third runway facilities with the existing airport;

     Modification to existing and construction of new land based infrastructure including the seawater cooling and flushing system, stormwater drainage system, greywater system, sewerage network and potable water supply, Towngas supply,
132 kV / 11 kV and other power supply networks; communication networks; and

     Modifications and re-provisions to existing marine facilities including the underwater aviation fuel pipelines between Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) and the off-airport fuel receiving facilities at Sha Chau, the associated underwater 11 kV cable and pilot cable and sea rescue boat points.

1.2.6.2      The key project components are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/1-001 to MCL/P132/EMA/1-004.

1.3             Tentative Construction Programme

1.3.1.1      The tentative programme for operation of the three-runway system (3RS) will be in 2024. Given the scale and complexity of the project, construction and the concurrent runway operational configuration will be implemented in phases. The tentative phasing programme is provided in Appendix A which is based on the currently available information. This programme is subject to change during the detailed design stage.

1.4             Project Organisation

1.4.1.1      The proposed project organisation is shown in Chart 1-1 below.

Chart 1‑1:         Project Organisation Chart

 

1.4.2         Airport Authority Hong Kong (AAHK)

1.4.2.1      AAHK is the project proponent for the development of the project and will assume overall responsibility for the project.

1.4.3         Environmental Protection Department (EPD)

1.4.3.1      EPD is the statutory enforcement body for environmental protection matters in Hong Kong.

1.4.4         Project Manager (PM)

1.4.4.1      The Project Manager (PM) or the PM’s Representative is responsible for overseeing the construction works and for ensuring that the works are undertaken by the Contractor in accordance with the specification and contract requirements. The duties and responsibilities of the PM with respect to EM&A include:

     To monitor the Contractor’s compliance with Contract Specifications, including the effective implementation and operation of the environmental mitigation measures;

     To employ an Independent Environmental Checker (IEC) to audit the results of the EM&A works carried out by the Environmental Team (ET);

     To monitor Contractors’ compliance with the requirements in the EP and updated EM&A Manual;

     To facilitate ET’s implementation of the EM&A programme;

     To participate in joint site inspection by the ET and IEC;

     To oversee the implementation of the agreed Event and Action Plan in the event of any exceedance; and

     To adhere to the procedures for carrying out complaint investigation.

1.4.5         Contractors

1.4.5.1      The Contractors employed by AAHK, including Contractors working on the project on a joint venture (JV) basis, should report to the PM or the PM’s Representative. The duties and responsibilities of the Contractors include:

     To comply with the relevant contract conditions and specifications on environmental protection;

     To facilitate ET’s monitoring and site inspection activities;

     To participate in the site inspections undertake by the ET and IEC, and undertake any corrective actions;

     To provide information / advice to the ET regarding works programme and activities which may contribute to the generation of adverse environmental impacts;

     To submit proposals on mitigation measures in case of exceedance of Action and Limit Levels in accordance with the Event and Action Plans;

     To implement measures to reduce impact where Action and Limit Levels are exceeded; and

     To adhere to the complaint handling procedures in accordance with this Manual and the Complaint Management Plan.

1.4.6         Environmental Team (ET)

1.4.6.1      A full time on-site ET should be employed by the AAHK / PM to conduct the EM&A programme no later than one month before the commencement of construction of the project. The ET should not be in any way an associated body of the Contractor or the IEC for the project. The ET should be headed by the full time on-site ET Leader (ETL). The ETL should have relevant professional qualifications in environmental control and possess at least seven years of experience in EM&A or environmental management. Suitably qualified staff should be included in the ET, and resources for the implementation of the EM&A programme should be allocated to enable fulfilment of the project’s EM&A requirements during construction of the project. The ET should report to AAHK / PM and the duties should include:

     To carry out field sampling, field measurement, testing, assessment, and reporting for various environmental parameters as required in this EM&A Manual;

     To analyse the EM&A data, review the success of EM&A programme and the adequacy of mitigation measures implemented, confirm the validity of the EIA predictions and identify any adverse environmental impacts arising and recommend suitable mitigation measures;

     To monitor compliance with conditions in the EP, environmental protection, pollution prevention and control regulations and contract specifications;

     To carry out regular site inspection at least once per week so as to investigate and audit Contractor’s site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and environmental mitigation;

     To report on the EM&A results to the AAHK / PM, IEC, EPD and Contractors;

     To vet the Contractor’s method statements, design plans and submissions and check that the relevant environmental protection and pollution control measures have been included and are sufficient to comply with contractual and statutory requirements;

     To inform the AAHK / PM, IEC and Contractors the recommend suitable mitigation measures in the case of exceedance of Action and Limit Levels in accordance with the Event and Action Plans;

     To liaise with the IEC on all environmental performance matters, and ensure timely submission of all relevant EM&A pro forma for IEC’s approval;

     To provide advice to the Contractors on environmental improvement, awareness and enhancement matters, etc. on site;

     To prepare, certify and submit the Baseline, Monthly, Quarterly, Annual and Final EM&A Review Reports to the AAHK / PM, IEC and EPD timely;

     To keep a contemporaneous log-book of each and every instance or circumstance or change of circumstances, which may affect the compliance with the recommendations of the approved EIA Report and the EP; and

     To set up and manage the dedicated complaint hotline and email channel, and manage the complaint handling procedures in accordance with this Manual and the Complaint Management Plan.

1.4.7         Independent Environmental Checker (IEC)

1.4.7.1      The IEC is empowered to audit the environmental performance of construction, but is independent from the management of construction works. As such, the IEC should not be in any way an associated body of the Contractor or the ET for the project. A full time on-site IEC with a supporting team should be employed by the AAHK / PM no later than one month prior to the commencement of the construction of the project. The IEC should be a person who has relevant professional qualifications in environmental control and at least seven years of experience in EM&A or environmental management. The duties and responsibilities of the IEC are:

     To provide proactive advice to the AAHK / PM on EM&A matters related to the project;

     To verify the environmental acceptability of permanent and temporary works and relevant design plans;

     To review and verify the monitoring data and all submissions in connection with the EP, any subsequent Variations of EP (VEPs) and / or Further EP (FEPs), and EM&A reports submitted by the ET;

     To arrange and conduct at least monthly site inspections of the works during the construction phase, and to carry out ad hoc inspections if significant environmental problems are identified;

     To validate and check the accuracy of environmental monitoring;

     To audit the compliance with the complaint handling procedures in accordance with this Manual and the Complaint Management Plan;

     To verify the ET’s log-book and the investigation result of any environmental exceedance, non-compliance and complaint cases, compliance with the agreed Event and Action Plan and the effectiveness of corrective actions / measures;

     To feedback audit results to the ET by signing off relevant EM&A pro forma;

     To verify EM&A reports that have been certified by the ETL;

     To audit EIA recommendations and requirements against the status of implementation of environmental mitigation measures on site;

     To report the works conducted, and the findings, recommendations and improvements of the site inspections, after reviewing ET’s and Contractor’s works, to the AAHK / PM on a monthly basis; and

     To review the effectiveness of the EM&A programme, EIA recommendations and the adequacy of mitigation measures implemented.

 

 

 

 

2        Air Quality Impact

2.1      Construction Air Quality Monitoring

2.1.1      General

2.1.1.1      The project is anticipated to give rise to construction dust impacts. The key activities that would potentially result in dust emissions include land formation works; construction works on the newly formed land and on the existing airport island; operation of concrete batching plants, asphalt batching plants, crushing plant, and barging points; haul roads; diversion of submarine fuel pipeline; diversion of submarine 11 kV cable; and modifications to existing outfalls. Construction phase dust monitoring is considered necessary to check and ensure compliance that the relevant recommended mitigation measures are properly implemented.

2.1.1.2      The key objectives of the construction phase dust monitoring are:

     To identify the extent of dust impact during construction phase on sensitive receivers;

     To audit the compliance of the Contractor with regard to dust control, contract conditions and the relevant dust impact criteria;

     To determine the effectiveness of mitigation measures to control fugitive dust emission from activities during the construction phase;

     To recommend further mitigation measures if found to be necessary; and

     To comply with Action and Limit Levels for air quality as defined in this Manual.

2.1.2      Air Quality Parameters

2.1.2.1      Monitoring and audit of 24-hour Respirable Suspended Particulates (RSP or PM10) and 24-hour Fine Suspended Particulates (FSP or PM2.5) levels are not proposed.  This is because even under the hypothetical worst case Tier 1 mitigated scenario both 24-hour RSP and 24-hour FSP would comply with the corresponding Air Quality Objectives (AQO) at all Air Sensitive Receivers (ASR) throughout the construction period, except the limited non-compliance with the AQO for 24-hour RSP at up to three ASR in three of the eight construction years. Hence no significant RSP or FSP impacts are anticipated. Therefore, only 1-hour Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) will be monitored and audited at the proposed monitoring locations.  Details of the proposed monitoring locations are presented in Section 2.1.5

2.1.2.2      One-hour TSP levels shall be measured to indicate the impacts of construction dust on air quality. The TSP levels shall be measured by following the standard high volume sampling method as set out in the Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Chapter 1 (Part 50), Appendix B. Upon approval of the AAHK / PM, as an alternative to using high volume sampling method, 1-hour TSP levels can be measured by direct reading methods which are capable of producing comparable results as that by the high volume sampling method, to indicate short event impacts.

2.1.2.3      All relevant data including temperature, pressure, weather conditions, elapsed-time meter reading for the start and stop of the sampler, identification and weight of the filter paper, and any other local atmospheric factors affecting or affected by site conditions etc. shall be recorded down in detail. A sample data sheet is shown in Appendix B. The ET may develop project specific data sheet to suit this EM&A programme.

2.1.3      Monitoring Equipment

Technical Specifications as Presented in the Original EM&A Manual

2.1.3.1      High volume sampler (HVS) shall be used for carrying out the 1-hour TSP monitoring.

2.1.3.2      The ET is responsible for provision of the monitoring equipment. They shall ensure that sufficient number of samplers with an appropriate calibration kit is available for carrying out the baseline monitoring, regular impact monitoring and ad hoc monitoring. The samplers shall be equipped with an electronic mass flow controller and be calibrated against a traceable standard at regular intervals. All the equipment, calibration kit, filter papers, etc. shall be clearly labelled.

2.1.3.3      Initial calibration of dust monitoring equipment shall be conducted upon installation and thereafter at bi-monthly intervals. The transfer standard shall be traceable to the internationally recognised primary standard and be calibrated annually. The calibration data shall be properly documented for future reference by the concerned parties such as the IEC. All the data shall be converted into standard temperature and pressure condition.

2.1.3.4      The flow-rate of the sampler before and after the sampling exercise with the filter in position shall be verified to be constant and be recorded down in the data sheet as shown in Appendix B.

2.1.3.5      If the ET proposes to use a direct reading dust meter to measure 1-hour TSP levels, they shall submit sufficient information to the IEC to prove that the instrument is capable of achieving a comparable result as that of the HVS and may be used for the 1-hour sampling. The instrument shall also be calibrated regularly, and the 1-hour sampling shall be determined periodically by HVS to check the validity and accuracy of the results measured by direct reading method.

2.1.3.6      Wind data monitoring equipment shall also be provided and set up at conspicuous locations for logging wind speed and wind direction near to the dust monitoring locations. The equipment installation location shall be proposed by the ET and agreed with the IEC. For installation and operation of wind data monitoring equipment, the following points shall be observed:

     The wind sensors shall be installed on masts at an elevated level 10 m above ground so that they are clear of obstructions or turbulence caused by the buildings;

     The wind data shall be captured by a data logger. The data recorded in the data logger shall be downloaded periodically for analysis at least once a month;

     The wind data monitoring equipment shall be re-calibrated at least once every six months; and

     Wind direction shall be divided into 16 sectors of 22.5 degrees each.

2.1.3.7      In exceptional situations, the ET may propose alternative methods to obtain representative wind data upon approval from the AAHK / PM and agreement from the IEC.

Proposed Use of Portable Direct Reading Dust Meter and Existing Wind Data from Chek Lap Kok Wind Station

2.1.3.8      Based on the provisions and requirements set out in Section 2.1.3.5 above, a proposal of using portable direct reading dust meter in undertaking the EM&A for the 3RS project was submitted to the IEC, and agreement from the IEC was obtained. The proposal concluded that the portable direct reading dust meter is capable to provide comparable results of monitoring data as that provided by HVS, and with the benefits of allowing prompt and direct results for the EM&A reporting. The portable direct reading dust meter will be calibrated every year against HVS to check the validity an accuracy of the results measured by direct reading method.

2.1.3.9      On the other hand, the proposed use of existing wind data from Chek Lap Kok Wind Station operated by HKO for wind data collection instead of setting up a separate station near the existing station was submitted to the IEC.  Agreement from the AAHK / PM and IEC’s approval was obtained.

2.1.4      Laboratory Measurement / Analysis

2.1.4.1      A clean laboratory with constant temperature and humidity control, and equipped with necessary measuring and conditioning instruments, to handle the dust samples collected, shall be available for sample analysis, and equipment calibration and maintenance. The laboratory should be the Hong Kong Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (HOKLAS) accredited or other internationally accredited.

2.1.4.2      If a site laboratory is set up or a non-HOKLAS accredited laboratory is hired for carrying out the laboratory analysis, the laboratory equipment shall be approved by the AAHK / PM and the measurement procedures should be witnessed by the IEC. Measurement performed by the laboratory shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the AAHK / PM and the IEC. The IEC shall conduct regular audit to the measurement performed by the laboratory to ensure the accuracy of measurement results. The ET shall provide the AAHK / PM with one copy of the Title 40 of the Code of Federal regulations, Chapter 1 (part 50), Appendix B for his reference.

2.1.4.3      Filter paper of 8” X 10” shall be labelled before sampling of TSP. It shall be a clean filter paper with no pin holes, and shall be conditioned in a humidity controlled chamber for over 24-hour and be pre-weighed before use for the sampling.

2.1.4.4      After sampling, the filter paper loaded with dust shall be kept in a clean and tightly sealed plastic bag. The filter paper is then returned to the laboratory for reconditioning in the humidity controlled chamber followed by accurate weighing by an electronic balance with a readout down to 0.1 mg. The balance shall be regularly calibrated against a traceable standard.

2.1.4.5      All the collected samples shall be kept in a good condition for six months before disposal.

2.1.5      Monitoring Locations

Technical Specifications as Presented in the Original EM&A Manual

2.1.5.1      Two separate air quality monitoring locations are proposed and summarised in Table 2‑1. The status and locations of dust sensitive receivers may change after issuing this Manual. If such cases exist, the ET should propose updated monitoring locations and seek agreement from EPD, and agreement from the AAHK / PM and IEC before baseline monitoring commences.

Table 2‑1:         Construction Air Quality Monitoring Stations

ID

ID Adopted in EIA

Description

Monitoring Parameters

AR1

TC-13

Seaview Crescent Block 1

1-hour TSP

AR2

ST-1

Village house at Tin Sum

1-hour TSP

2.1.5.2      When alternative monitoring locations are proposed, the following criteria, as far as practicable, shall be followed:

     At the site boundary or such locations close to the major dust emission source;

     Close to the sensitive receptors; and

     Take into account the prevailing meteorological conditions.

2.1.5.3      Monitoring equipment must be positioned, sited and orientated properly. The ET should agree with the AAHK / PM in consultation with the IEC on the position of the samplers for the installation of the monitoring equipment. When positioning the samplers, the following points shall be noted:

     A horizontal platform with appropriate support to secure the samplers against gusty wind shall be provided;

     No two samplers shall be placed less than 2 m apart;

     The distance between the sampler and an obstacle, such as buildings, must be at least twice the height that the obstacle protrudes above the sampler;

     A minimum of 2 m of separation from walls, parapets and penthouses is required for rooftop samplers;

     A minimum of 2 m separation from any supporting structure, measured horizontally is required;

     No furnace or incinerator flue is nearby;

     Airflow around the sampler is unrestricted;

     The sampler is more than 20 m from the dripline;

     Any wire fence and gate, to protect the sampler, shall not cause any obstruction during monitoring;

     Permission must be obtained to set up the samplers and to obtain access to the monitoring stations; and

     A secured supply of electricity is needed to operate the samplers.

2.1.5.4      The ET may, depending on site conditions and monitoring results, decide whether additional monitoring locations should be included or any monitoring locations could be removed / relocated during any stage of the construction phase.

Updated Monitoring Locations

2.1.5.5      Based on the provisions and requirements set out in Sections 2.1.5.1 and 2.1.5.2 above, a change in monitoring location was proposed for AR1 (Block 1 at Seaview Crescent), and agreement was obtained from the AAHK / PM and IEC and EPD.  The location of the alternative monitoring station, AR1A, is shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/2-001. The location of the originally proposed monitoring location AR1 is also shown in the same drawing for easy reference. Table 2‑2 summarises the updated locations of the construction air quality monitoring stations.

2.1.5.6      A change of the monitoring location in both the baseline and subsequent impact monitoring for AR1 was identified necessary as access was not granted for setting up the onsite monitoring station.  The new monitoring location AR1A is situated in close proximity to Seaview Crescent and it is also considered to be a representative location for monitoring the construction phase air quality impact from the project.

Table 2‑2:         Updated Locations of Construction Air Quality Monitoring Stations

ID

ID Adopted in EIA

Description

Monitoring Parameters

AR1A(1)

-

Man Tung Road Park

1-hour TSP

AR2

ST-1

Village house at Tin Sum

1-hour TSP

Note: (1) alternative air quality monitoring location

2.1.6      Baseline Monitoring

2.1.6.1      Baseline monitoring should be conducted at all designated monitoring locations, see Table 2‑1, for at least 14 consecutive days before commencement of construction work to obtain ambient 1‑hour TSP samples. The commencement date of baseline monitoring shall be agreed between the ET / IEC / AAHK / PM to ensure timely submission of the baseline monitoring report to EPD. The selected baseline monitoring stations should reflect baseline conditions at the stations. One-hour TSP sampling shall also be done at least three times per day. The baseline monitoring will provide data for the determination of the appropriate Action Levels with the Limit Levels set against statutory or otherwise agreed limits. General meteorological conditions (wind speed, wind direction and precipitation) and notes regarding any significant adjacent dust producing sources should also be recorded throughout the baseline monitoring period.

2.1.6.2      Before commencing the baseline monitoring, the ET shall inform the IEC of the baseline monitoring programme such that the IEC can conduct on-site audit to ensure accuracy of the baseline monitoring results. During the baseline monitoring, there should not be any construction dust generating activities in the vicinity of the monitoring stations.

2.1.6.3      In case the baseline monitoring cannot be carried out at the designated monitoring locations during the baseline monitoring period, the ET shall carry out the monitoring at alternative locations that can effectively represent the baseline conditions at the impact monitoring locations. The alternative baseline monitoring locations should be approved by the AAHK / PM and agreed with the IEC.

2.1.6.4      In exceptional cases, when insufficient baseline monitoring data or questionable results are obtained, the ET should liaise with the IEC and EPD to agree on an appropriate set of data to be used as baseline reference and submit to EPD for approval.

2.1.6.5      Ambient conditions may vary seasonally and should be reviewed once every six months. If the ET considers that significant changes in the ambient conditions have risen, a repeat of the baseline monitoring may be carried out to update the baseline levels and air quality criteria after consultation and agreement with the AAHK / PM, IEC and EPD. The monitoring should be undertaken at times when Contractor’s activities are not generating dust, at least in the proximity of the monitoring stations. Should change in ambient conditions be determined, the baseline levels and, in turn, the air quality criteria, shall be revised. The revised baseline levels and air quality criteria shall be agreed with the IEC and EPD.  If the ET considers that significant changes in the ambient conditions have risen but a repeat of the 14-day baseline monitoring is not found feasible due to the presence of ongoing construction work, the ET may propose an alternative method for updating the baseline levels and air quality criteria but this shall be subject to the agreement with the IEC and EPD.

2.1.7      Impact Monitoring

2.1.7.1      The monthly schedule of the compliance and impact monitoring programme should be drawn up by the ET one month prior to the commencement of the scheduled construction period.

2.1.7.2      The ET should carry out impact monitoring throughout the entire course of the Works. For 1-hour TSP monitoring, the sampling frequency of at least three times in every six days should be undertaken when the highest dust impact is expected to occur. Highest dust impacts will be determined by the actual construction site condition, program and the works to be carried out. Before commencing the impact monitoring, the ET should inform the IEC of the impact monitoring programme such that the IEC can conduct on-site audit to ensure accuracy of the impact monitoring results.

2.1.7.3      In case of non-compliance with the air quality criteria, more frequent monitoring exercise, as specified in the Event and Action Plan, should be conducted within 24 hours after the result is obtained. This additional monitoring shall be continued until the excessive dust emission or the deterioration in air quality is rectified.

2.1.8      Event and Action Plan

2.1.8.1      Baseline 1-hour TSP monitoring was conducted for 14 consecutive days between 6 November 2015 and 27 November 2015 at two air quality monitoring stations of AR1A and AR2. The Action Levels for 1-hr TSP during impact monitoring are established based on the measured baseline TSP levels for assessing the impact and compliance during the construction of the project. Table 2‑3 shows the air quality criteria, namely Action Level (AL) and Limit Level (LL) to be used. Should non-compliance of the air quality criteria occurs, actions in accordance with the Event and Action Plan in Table 2‑4  should be carried out.

Table 2‑3:         Action and Limit Levels for Air Quality

Parameters

Action Level [1] 

 

Limit Level (µg/m3)

1-hour TSP Level in µg/m3

For baseline level ≤ 384 µg/m3, Action Level = (130% of baseline level + Limit Level)/2

For baseline level ˃ 384 µg/m3, Action Level = Limit Level

500

 

Note:

[1] According to the latest submission of Baseline Monitoring Report approved by EPD, the Action Levels for AR1A and AR2 are 306 µg/m3 and 298 µg/m3 respectively.

Table 2‑4:         Event and Action Plan for Air Quality

 

Event

 

ET

 

IEC

Action

AAHK / PM

 

Contractor

Action Level

 

 

 

 

1. Exceedance for one sample

1. Identify source, investigate the causes of exceedance and propose remedial measures;

2. Inform IEC and AAHK / PM;

3. Repeat measurement to confirm finding;

4. Increase monitoring frequency to daily.

1. Check monitoring data submitted by ET;

2. Check Contractor’s working method.

1. Notify Contractor.

1. Rectify any unacceptable practice;

2. Amend working methods if appropriate.

2. Exceedance for two or more consecutive samples

1. Identify source;

2. Inform IEC and AAHK / PM;

3. Advise the AAHK / PM on the effectiveness of the proposed remedial measures;

4. Increase monitoring frequency to daily;

5. Discuss with IEC and Contractor on remedial actions required

6. If exceedance continues, arrange meeting with IEC and AAHK / PM

7. If exceedance stops, cease additional monitoring.

1. Check monitoring data submitted by ET;

2. Check Contractor’s working method

3. Discuss with ET and Contractor on possible remedial measures;

4. Advise AAHK / PM on the effectiveness of the proposed remedial measures;

5. Supervisor implementation of remedial measures.

1. Confirm receipt of notification of failure in writing;

2. Notify Contractor;

3. Ensure remedial measures properly implemented.

1. Submit proposals for remedial actions to IEC within three working days of notification;

2. Implement the agreed proposals;

3. Amend proposal if appropriate.

Limit Level

 

 

 

 

1. Exceedance for one sample

1. Identify the source, investigate the causes of exceedance and propose remedial measures;

2. Inform AAHK / PM and Contractor. If the exceedance is valid, inform EPD;

3. Repeat measurement to confirm finding;

4. Increase monitoring frequency to daily;

5. Assess effectiveness of Contractor’s remedial actions and keep AAHK / PM, IEC and EPD informed of the results.

1. Check monitoring data submitted by ET;

2. Check Contractor’s working method;

3. Discuss with ET and Contractor on possible remedial measures;

4. Advise AAHK / PM on the effectiveness of the proposed remedial measures;

5. Monitor the implementation of remedial measures.

1. Confirm receipt of notification of failure in writing;

2. Notify Contractor;

3. Ensure remedial measures properly implemented.

1. Take immediate action to avoid further exceedance;

2. Submit proposals for remedial actions to IEC within three working days of notification;

3. Implement the agreed proposals;

4. Amend proposal if appropriate.

2. Exceedance for two or more consecutive sample

1. Notify AAHK / PM, IEC, Contractor and EPD;

2. Identify source;

3. Repeat measurement to confirm finding;

4. Increase monitoring frequency to daily;

5. Carry out analysis of Contractor’s working procedures to determine possible mitigation to be implemented;

6. Arrange meeting with AAHK / PM and IEC to discuss the remedial actions to be taken;

7. Assess effectiveness of Contractor’s remedial actions and keep AAHK / PM, IEC and EPD informed of the results;

8. If exceedance stops, cease additional monitoring.

1. Check monitoring data submitted by ET;

2. Check Contractor’s working method;

3. Discuss amongst AAHK / PM, ET, and Contractor on the potential remedial actions;

4. Review Contractor’s remedial actions whenever necessary to assure their effectiveness and advise AAHK / PM accordingly;

5. Monitor the implementation of remedial measures.

1. Confirm receipt of notification of failure in writing;

2. Notify Contractor;

3. In consultation with IEC, agree with the Contractor on the remedial measures to be implemented;

4. Ensure remedial measures properly implemented;

5. If exceedance continues, consider what portion of the work is responsible and instruct the Contractor to stop that portion of work until the exceedance is abated.

1. Take immediate action to avoid further exceedance;

2. Submit proposals for remedial actions to IEC within three working days of notification;

3. Implement the agreed proposals;

4. Resubmit proposals if problem still not under control;

5. Stop the relevant portion of works as determined by AAHK / PM until the exceedance is abated.

 

2.1.9      Mitigation Measures

2.1.9.1      Appropriate dust suppression measures should be adopted as required under the Air Pollution Control (Construction Dust) Regulation as well as the Specified Process licences for the concrete batching plants, asphalt batching plants and rock crushing plant. A control programme can be instigated to monitor the construction process in order to enforce dust controls and modify methods of works where feasible to reduce the dust emission down to acceptable levels. The implementation schedule of the recommended air quality mitigation measures is presented in Appendix C.

2.2      Operational Air Quality Monitoring

2.2.1      General

2.2.1.1      The operational air quality impact assessment presented as part of the EIA Report has concluded that the operation of the project will not give rise to adverse residual air quality impacts.  The assessment findings for Year 2031 3RS scenario indicated that cumulative NO2, RSP, FSP, SO2 and CO levels comply with the relevant AQOs at all ASR. Nevertheless, to be prudent, it is proposed that AAHK should carry out regular reviews of the operation phase air quality monitoring results and relevant operation data in order to:

     Monitor the variations in pollutant concentrations and compare these with the operation air quality assessment results presented in the EIA Report;

     Determine the effectiveness of AAHK’s measures and initiatives aimed at further reducing air pollutant emissions from airport activities and operations; and

     Identify follow-up actions and / or further investigation that may be undertaken where necessary with a view to further reducing air emissions associated with the operation of the project. 

 

2.2.2      Regular Review of Air Quality Monitoring Results

Existing Air Quality Monitoring Stations

2.2.2.1      While the establishment of additional air quality monitoring station was not identified necessary, the EIA Report recommended that the current airport air quality monitoring stations shall be maintained.  These include three air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) operated by AAHK, with one at Sha Chau (SC) and two on the existing airport island, namely the North Station (PH1) and South Station (PH5), as shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/2-002.  The AQMS at Tung Chung (TC) operated by EPD is also shown in the drawing.

2.2.2.2      The PH1 and PH5 stations are positioned on the airport island close to the existing north runway (or the future middle runway after the airport expansion) and the existing south runway respectively; the SC station is over 2.8 km to the north of the expanded airport island; while the TC station is located on the southeast side of the airport island. This network of existing AQMSs is considered to be able to provide representative monitoring data on the air quality on the expanded airport island and its surrounding areas.  Therefore, the AQMSs currently operated by AAHK are to be maintained and the monitoring data obtained from these stations should be used, together with that from the TC AQMS operated by EPD, for regular reviews of the operation phase air quality.  

2.2.2.3      Table 2-5 summaries the existing AQMSs operated by AAHK.

Table 2-5:         Operational Air Quality Monitoring

Station ID

Station Name

Location

Operated by

Monitoring Parameters

SC

Sha Chau

Sha Chau

Airport Authority

Conc. of NO2, RSP, FSP, O3, SO2 and CO reported on hourly basis

PH1

North Station

Existing airport island

Airport Authority

Conc. of NO2, RSP, FSP, O3, SO2 and CO reported on hourly basis

PH5

South Station

Existing airport island

Airport Authority

Conc. of NO2, RSP, FSP, O3, SO2 and CO reported on hourly basis

Existing Monitoring Equipment

2.2.2.4      The existing monitoring equipment of NO2, RSP, FSP, O3, SO2 and CO at the three AQMSs operated by AAHK are summarised in Table 2-6. As the equipment may be replaced due to certain period of utilisation, the monitoring equipment shall be reviewed by the ET prior to the monitoring during operational phase of the project.

Table 2-6:         The Existing Monitoring Equipment Adopted at South Station, North Station and Sha Chau Station

Parameters

Adopted Technique

Existing monitoring equipment

NO2

Gas Phase Chemiluminescence

Ecotech EC9841B / Thermo Scientific 42i

RSP

Drawing air through a filter at a constant rate, continuously weighing the filter and calculating near real-time mass concentrations

TEOM 1405DF Ambient Particulate Monitor

FSP

O3

Non-dispersive ultraviolet (UV) photometer

Thermo Scientific 49i/ Ecotech EC9810B

SO2

Ultraviolet Flourescence

Thermo Scientific 43i/ Ecotech EC9850B

CO

Gas Filter Correlation photometry

Thermo Scientific 48i/ Ecotech EC9830B

Selection of Air Quality Parameters for Review

2.2.2.5      NOx is the key air pollutant associated with airport operations. The source contribution breakdown for the cumulative annual average NO2 impact at the key sensitive areas under the 3RS scenario in the worst assessment year of 2031 presented in Table 5.5.2 of the EIA Report are reproduced in Table 2-7 below.  The dominant emission sources were identified to be from ambient emissions, which contributed in most cases more than 60% of the total NO2 concentrations.  This is followed by proximity infrastructure emissions (10 – 30%) and airport-related emissions (< 10%), except for Sha Lo Wan.

Table 2-7:      Concentration Breakdown for the Cumulative Annual NO2 Impact at the Key Sensitive Area under the 3RS scenario in Year 2031

Area

ASR

Airport Related Emission (µg/ m3)

Proximity Infrastructure Emission (µg/ m3)  

Ambient (µg/ m3)

Cumulative Impact (µg/ m3)

Tung Chung

TC-22

2

9

22

33

Tung Chung West

TC-P7

2

6

22

30

Tung Chung East

TC-P12

2

4

22

28

Sha Lo Wan

SLW-1

12

4

20

36

Tuen Mun[1]

TM-10

2 [1]

9

27

38

Note:

[1] Airport related emission is included in ambient in PATH model for Tuen Mun area

2.2.2.6      Based on the operational air quality assessment findings presented in the EIA Report, NO2 is considered as the key parameter for which the available monitoring data obtained at AAHK’s AQMSs together with that obtained at EPD’s AQMS in TC should be regularly reviewed during the operation phase of the project. The regular review shall also analyse and present the measured NO and NOx concentrations for estimating the pollutant contribution due to airport operations. To be prudent, available monitoring data on RSP and FSP should also be included in the regular reviews.

Frequency of Review

2.2.2.7      It is recommended that the first review of NO2, RSP and FSP monitoring results should be carried out after the first year of operation of 3RS. Regular review should then be carried out at regular interval of at least every five years during the first 20 years of operation of the project. The frequency of the reviews may be subject to changes depending on the review results.

2.2.3      Operational Phase Air Quality Monitoring and Audit Requirements   

2.2.3.1      During the regular review of NO2, RSP and FSP monitoring results, a detailed examination of the temporal and spatial variations of pollutant levels measured at AAHK’s AQMSs shall be presented and the analysis shall also take into consideration the available monitoring data obtained at EPD’s AQMS in TC. With consideration of the available data including those on meteorological conditions (i.e., wind direction, wind speed, temperature, precipitation, etc), the review shall characterise the mean seasonal and diurnal variation of pollutant concentrations, with a view to evaluating the significance of the contribution of air quality impact from airport emissions on the nearby air sensitive receivers. Also, the regular review shall include the compilation of an updated inventory of major emission sources, including emissions from aircraft landing take-off (LTO) cycle, associated with the airport operations. AAHK shall collect the relevant information for development of the latest airport emissions inventory as part of the review.

2.2.3.2      As part of the regular review, the effectiveness of existing measures and initiatives implemented by AAHK aimed at further reducing air pollutant emissions from airport operation shall also be evaluated.  Follow-up actions and/or further investigation work that may be undertaken where necessary with a view to further reducing air emissions associated with the operation of the project should be recommended as part of the regular review.

2.2.3.3      The detailed air quality monitoring and auditing requirements should be presented as part of the Airport Operation related Emissions Control Plan that shall be submitted no later than 3 months before the operation of the project in accordance to EP Condition 2.24.

 

 

3        Hazard to Human Life

3.1             Introduction

3.1.1.1      A hazard identification workshop has been conducted in the EIA Report to identify potential hazards associated with the construction and operation phase of the project. Mitigation measures have also been explored to prevent the hazards from happening and they will be implemented in the project.

3.1.1.2      A hazard assessment has been conducted in the EIA Report which concluded that the risk level for the construction phase is within the acceptable region and mitigation measure is not required. The risk level for the operation phase has been evaluated to be in As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) region and the major risk contributor is aircraft refuelling operation. Practicable and cost effective mitigations have been proposed to reduce the risk of aircraft refuelling operation.

3.2             Recommendation

3.2.1.1      The recommended measures as outlined in the Implementation Schedule included as Appendix C in this EM&A Manual should be implemented to meet the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIAO-TM) requirements.

 

 

4        Noise Impact

4.1      Aircraft Noise Monitoring

4.1.1      Aircraft Noise Monitoring and Audit Requirements

4.1.1.1      As per the requirements set out in Section 7, Appendix C of the EIA Study Brief, the aircraft noise monitoring and audit plan shall:

     Provide data and information for verifying predictions on the effectiveness of measures to mitigate aircraft noise impact of the project;

     Formulate audit requirements, including any necessary compliance and post-project audit program, in order to review the monitoring data and identify any remedial works, as necessary, required to address unacceptable or unanticipated aircraft noise impacts; and

     Provide tools, procedures and supplementary information, including noise descriptor and flight tracks, which are useful and relevant for communicating the aircraft noise of the project to the general public.

4.1.1.2      The Procedures for Mitigation of Aircraft Noise that shall be submitted no later than 3 months before the operation of the project in accordance to EP Condition 2.21.

4.1.2      Program Elements

4.1.2.1      Taking into account the EIA Study Brief requirements as described above, it is proposed that the aircraft noise monitoring and audit plan should consist of the following key elements:

     An exercise by AAHK to verify predictions on the effectiveness of measures to mitigate aircraft noise impact and the preparation of a Prediction Verification Report;

     Review Report, prepared on an annual basis by AAHK, for detailing the compliance with noise abatement procedures and unanticipated events, as well as any further necessary investigation and/or remedial action(s); and

     Noise Contour Report, prepared in at least every five years by AAHK, to compare actual airport operation to forecast airport operation with respect to aircraft noise, taking into account data collected on actual aircraft operational levels, fleet mix, runway and flight track utilizations; and produce an updated noise contour using the most currently available and internationally accepted noise modelling methodology.

4.1.2.2      In additional to the above reporting requirements, AAHK shall continue to engage with the neighbouring communities in the vicinity of HKIA, other stakeholders and interested parties on aircraft noise issues associated with the operation of the project.

4.1.3      Prediction Verification

4.1.3.1      The purpose of this task is for verification of predictions on the effectiveness of measures to mitigate aircraft noise impact of the project. This verification exercise shall be undertaken upon availability of relevant airport operation data for the first full year operation of the third runway of the project. A Prediction Verification Report, certified by the ETL and verified by the IEC, shall be submitted to EPD for approval.

4.1.3.2      As part of the prediction verification exercise, AAHK should collect radar data showing airport and flight operations for the first full year operation of the proposed third runway from Civil Aviation Department (CAD).  Based on the radar data collected, the AAHK should carry out aircraft noise contour simulation.  Similar approach adopted to process radar data for the prevailing scenario contour as presented in Chapter 7 of the EIA Report might be applied (individual radar data be pre-processed and annual daily average noise contours be produced by Integrated Noise Model (INM) for daily results) and the detailed methodology shall be agreed with EPD.  The computational model to be used shall also be agreed with EPD prior to the analysis.

4.1.3.3      The Noise Exposure Forecast (NEF) 25 contour prepared based on radar data should be compared against the noise contours presented in Chapter 7 of the EIA Report for verifying the effectiveness of measures to mitigate the aircraft noise impact of the project.  If the comparison of contours shows a reasonable converge, this would imply the aircraft noise prediction by computer simulation with forecast, assumptions and proposal of mitigation measures would reliably reflect that by actual airport and flight operations.  In case discrepancies are observed, explanation shall be given and analysed as part of the Prediction Verification Report.

4.1.3.4      It shall be noted that the noise contours presented in Chapter 7 of the EIA Report are based on reasonable assumptions and input data including air traffic forecast, runway mode of operation, flight tracks and flight track utilisation, and proposed mitigation measures.  Therefore, whilst it is being compared with the one generated by actual airport and flight operations, variances within reasonable ranges are envisaged and considered acceptable.  Having said that, it is essential to ensure that with the mitigation measures recommended in the EIA Report, no additional noise sensitive receivers should be subject to adverse environmental impact under the requirements of the EIAO-TM.  Detailed examination should be followed especially for those areas with major variances and the underneath rationale(s) will be elaborated.

4.1.4      Review Report

4.1.4.1      The Review Report, prepared on an annual basis by AAHK shall include an analysis of how well aircraft flight follow each of the aircraft noise mitigation measures recommended in Chapter 7 of the EIA Report.  Information to be collected shall include available radar data showing airport and flight operations from CAD, and this is to be analysed in terms of flight tracks and runway utilisation for checking the effective implementation of the noise reduction measures. AAHK may make references to available operational noise data collated by the relevant authorities. Wind record in the year should also be collected from HKO.  The Review Report should review the data collected including measured noise levels at representative locations, statistics of flight tracks, flight tracks dispersion and aircraft using proposed mitigation measures and existing noise mitigation measures, etc.    

4.1.4.2      The annual review and reporting process will allow AAHK to measure exactly how it stands compared to predicted operations used in the preparation of the EIA Report. If there are any major variances / discrepancies / abnormalities that are observed during the ongoing process of data collection and analysis for preparation of the annual review when compared with the assumptions / measures adopted in the assessment, early investigation shall be carried out for identification of the possible causes of the variances / discrepancies / abnormalities and whether these would significantly affect the aircraft noise environment.

4.1.5      Noise Contour Report

4.1.5.1      As the aircraft noise impact assessment was undertaken on the basis of projected air traffic movements and estimated fleet mix, it is recommended that at regular intervals of at least every five years during the first 20 operational years of the project, actual flight data obtained from local Air Traffic Control radar systems should be acquired and analysed with a similar aircraft noise modelling methodology to confirm the representativeness of the earlier noise analyses. The first Noise Contour Report shall be prepared upon availability of the airport operation data for the first full year operation of the third runway of the project. In accordance with the requirements set out in Condition 2.22 of the EP, an updated NEF 25 contour shall also be submitted no later than 3 months after a full year of operation of the 3RS project. Similar approach adopted to process radar data for prevailing scenario contour might be applied and the detailed methodology shall be agreed with EPD.

4.1.5.2      At such time that it is determined that the noise contours obtained using actual airport data may start to encroach onto any additional noise sensitive receivers, or when it is considered that there are major deviations from the assumptions adopted in the EIA Report, additional analysis would be necessary to update the NEF 25 contour.  The need and feasibility of introducing additional mitigation measures should also be assessed to ensure that no adverse environmental impact would be resulted from the implementation of the project with respect to aircraft noise.

 

4.1.6      Community Liaison

4.1.6.1      AAHK has been actively engaging with neighbouring communities in the vicinity of the airport, other stakeholders groups and interested parties to communicate issues and gauge views on aircraft noise and other environmental aspects. Briefings and airport visits are organised to explain subjects including but not limited to flight paths under the planned 3RS and the proposed aircraft noise mitigation measures. These engagement activities will continue after commencement of the project and a community liaison plan that presents details of the planned programme, including proposed communication channels, tools, procedures and supplementary information, including noise descriptor and flight tracks in accordance with Section 7.3, Appendix C of the Study Brief and activities that would facilitate communications with stakeholders on aircraft noise issues, will be developed by AAHK as part of the detailed Aircraft Noise Monitoring and Audit Plan presented in Section 4.1.7 below.

4.1.7      Detailed Aircraft Noise Monitoring and Audit Plan

4.1.7.1      The above subsections set out a clear EM&A framework with respect to aircraft noise.  It is not yet mature to define all the monitoring and audit details as at the course of assessment whilst the EM&A task will only be started with operation commencement of the third runway of the project because computation model and data analysis tools are in rapid evolution nowadays. 

4.1.7.2      Prior to commencement of project operation, a detailed Aircraft Noise Monitoring and Audit (ANM&A) Plan, proposing (i) work programme; (ii) actual data collection; (iii) methodologies / procedures, including proposed computation model, to process data into indicators of measures / assumptions adopted; (iv) quality control and assurance procedure; (v) action / investigation plan if any non-compliance, including associated Action and Limit Levels; (vi) community liaison plan; (vii) relevant proforma forming part of the reports; (viii) any foreseeable uncertainties, etc, should be submitted to EPD for agreement.

4.1.7.3      In accordance with the requirements set out in EP Condition 2.23, the ANM&A Plan shall include information on aircraft noise monitoring at representative locations in Tung Chung, Ma Wan, Tsing Yi, Tsuen Wan, Ting Kau, Siu Lam and Tuen Mun. The ANM&A Plan shall make use of available aircraft noise and flight track monitoring data including measured noise levels in terms of dB(A) and their distribution, flight tracks, aircraft fleet mix data and other relevant information at the above-mentioned locations. The ANM&A Plan shall also include an action plan, as approved by Director-General of Civil Aviation, to review the noise data to assess the effectiveness of the mitigation measures and to take appropriate action with reference to the prevailing internationally recognised standards in aircraft noise mitigation.

4.1.7.4      Before submission to the Director of Environmental Protection for approval, the ANM&A Plan shall be certified by the ETL and verified by the IEC as conforming to the information and recommendations described in the EIA Report, and taking into account any specific requirements with respect to the latest in-situ conditions of the project.  

4.1.7.5      When developing the detailed plan, references should be made to relevant international guidelines such as SAE ARP4721 Part 1 – Monitoring Aircraft Noise and Operations in the Vicinity of Airports: System Description, Acquisition, and Operation, if applicable, for the purpose of review and describe the project operation. The latest monitoring and audit practice / presentation adopted by similar international airports should be reviewed and reference during the course of preparation of this detailed plan. 

 

4.2      Fixed Noise Sources Monitoring

4.2.1      Maximum Permissible Sound Power Levels of Fixed Plant

4.2.1.1      The maximum permissible sound power levels of the identified fixed noise sources of the project were predicted in the EIA Report.  The specified sound power levels should be implemented and refined by the Contractor as appropriate to ensure that the noise impact associated with the fixed plant operations would comply with the noise standards stipulated in the EIAO-TM and Noise Control Ordinance (NCO).

4.2.2      Commissioning Test

4.2.2.1      Prior to the operation of the project, the Contractor should conduct noise commissioning tests for all major fixed plant noise sources (excluding the ground noise sources associated with the aircraft taxiing and the operation of auxiliary power units (APUs)) within HKIA to ensure the noise emission at the fixed plant noise source comply with the EIA Report assessed scenario. The test should be carried out by a qualified person possessing at least seven years of noise control experience and a corporate membership of Hong Kong Institute of Acoustics or equivalent.  The noise commissioning test report should be submitted to the AAHK / PM, ET and IEC for approval. The ET and IEC should review design changes to ensure the cumulative noise impact from fixed noise sources comply with the EIA Report assessed scenario. 

4.2.2.2      Noise commissioning tests are also required for noise enclosure of aircraft engine run-up facilities. ISO 10847 – In-situ determination of insertion loss of outdoor noise barriers of all types shall be employed to ensure the required noise reduction (insertion loss) in the EIA Report (at least 15 dB(A)) would be achieved. The test should be carried out by a qualified person possessing at least seven years of noise control experience and a corporate membership of Hong Kong Institute of Acoustics or equivalent.  The noise commissioning test report should be submitted to the AAHK / PM, ET and IEC for approval.

4.2.2.3      No adverse noise impacts are anticipated from aircraft taxiing and APU operation, hence no environmental monitoring and audit is proposed.

 

4.2.3      Mitigation Measures

4.2.3.1      The relevant noise mitigation measures have been recommended in the EIA Report.  The implementation schedule of the mitigation measures is given in Appendix C.

4.3      Construction Airborne Noise Monitoring

4.3.1      Noise Parameter

4.3.1.1      The construction noise level should be measured in terms of the A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq). Leq(30 minutes) should be used as the monitoring parameter for the time period between 0700-1900 hours on normal weekdays. For all other time periods, a Construction Noise Permit (CNP) under the NCO would apply.

4.3.1.2      As supplementary information for data auditing, statistical results such as L10 and L90 should also be obtained for reference. A sample data record sheet based on the one presented in the “EM&A Guidelines for Development Projects in Hong Kong” is shown in Appendix B for reference.

4.3.2      Monitoring Equipment

4.3.2.1      As referred to in the Technical Memorandum (TM) issued under the NCO, sound level meters in compliance with the International Electrotechnical Commission Publications 651:1979 (Type 1) and 804:1985 (Type 1) specifications should be used for carrying out the noise monitoring. Immediately prior to and following each noise measurement the accuracy of the sound level meter should be checked using an acoustic calibrator generating a known sound pressure level at a known frequency. Measurements may be accepted as valid only if the calibration level from before and after the noise measurement agrees to within 1.0 dB.

4.3.2.2      Noise measurements should be made in accordance with standard acoustical principles and practices in relation to weather conditions. Handheld wind meter should be used for measuring and checking the wind speed (in m/s) during the noise monitoring.

4.3.2.3      The ET is responsible for the availability of monitoring equipment and should ensure that sufficient noise measuring equipment and associated instrumentation are available for carrying out the baseline monitoring, regular impact monitoring and ad hoc monitoring. All the equipment and associated instrumentation should be clearly labelled.

4.3.3      Monitoring Locations

Technical Specifications as Presented in the Original EM&A Manual

4.3.3.1      The noise monitoring locations are summarised in Table 4‑1. The status and locations of noise sensitive receivers may change after issuing this manual. If such case exists, the ET should propose updated monitoring locations and seek approval from the AAHK / PM and agreement from the IEC and EPD of the proposal.

Table 4‑1:         Construction Noise Monitoring Stations

ID

ID adopted in EIA

Description

NM1

TC-1

Seaview Crescent Block 1

NM2

TC-5

Tung Chung West Development (Monitoring to start after occupation of development in 2023/24, subject to the construction programme of the project)

NM3

TC-30

Ho Yu College

NM4

TC-37

Ching Chung Hau Po Woon Primary School

NM5

TS-1

House, Tin Sum

NM6

SLW-1

House No. 1, Sha Lo Wan

4.3.3.2      When alternative monitoring locations are proposed, the monitoring locations should be chosen based on the following criteria:

     Monitoring at sensitive receivers close to the major site activities which are likely to have noise impacts;

     Monitoring at the noise sensitive receivers as defined in the Technical Memorandum; and

     Assurance of minimal disturbance to the occupants during monitoring.

 

4.3.3.3      The monitoring station should normally be at a point 1 m from the exterior of the sensitive receivers building facade and be at position 1.2 m above the ground. If there is a problem with access to the normal monitoring position, an alternative position may be chosen, and a correction to the measurements should be made. For reference, a correction of +3 dB(A) should be made to the free field measurements. The ET should agree with the IEC on the monitoring position and the corrections adopted. Once the positions for the monitoring stations are chosen, the baseline monitoring and the impact monitoring should be carried out at the same positions.

Updated Monitoring Locations

4.3.3.4      Based on the provisions and requirements set out in Sections 4.3.3.1 and 4.3.3.2 above, a change in monitoring location was proposed for NM1, NM2 and NM3.  Agreement from the AAHK / PM, IEC and EPD’s approval were obtained for the changes. The locations of the alternative monitoring stations, including NM1A, NM2* and NM3A, are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/4-001. The locations of the originally proposed monitoring locations (NM1, NM2 and NM3) are also shown in the same drawing for easy reference. Table 4‑2 summarises the updated locations of the construction noise monitoring stations.

4.3.3.5      The noise monitoring location in both the baseline and subsequent impact monitoring for NM1 was changed to NM1A as access to NM1 was not granted for setting up an onsite monitoring station.

4.3.3.6      The noise monitoring location in both the baseline and subsequent impact monitoring for NM3 was changed to NM3A also as access to NM3 was not granted for setting up an onsite monitoring station. Moreover, when construction works of Tung Chung East Development near NM3A is in place, the monitoring will be temporary suspended with duration subjected to the programme of the development works and actual site conditions, and will be resumed when the development works is completed. Actual arrangement of this station will be reflected in relevant Monthly EM&A Reports.

4.3.3.7      Baseline noise monitoring at NM2 was undertaken at NM2* as Tung Chung West Development had not yet been constructed. When the future residential buildings in Tung Chung West Development become occupied, the impact monitoring would be carried out at a representative location with noise sensitive land uses and the exact location will be proposed by the ET for agreement with the IEC and EPD prior to commencement of the impact monitoring.

Table 4‑2:         Construction Noise Monitoring Stations

ID

ID adopted in EIA

Description

NM1A(1)

-

Man Tung Road Park

NM2*(1) / NM2

TC-5

Tung Chung Battery* /

Tung Chung West Development (Monitoring to start after occupation of development in 2023/24, subject to the construction programme of the project)

NM3A(1)

-

Site Office at the northern edge of the reclaimed land

(Monitoring to be temporarily suspended during construction works of Tung Chung East Development subject to programme of the works and actual site conditions)

NM4

TC-37

Ching Chung Hau Po Woon Primary School

NM5

TS-1

House, Tin Sum

NM6

SLW-1

House No. 1, Sha Lo Wan

Note: (1) alternative noise monitoring location

4.3.4      Baseline Monitoring

4.3.4.1      The ET should carry out baseline noise monitoring prior to the commencement of the project-related construction activities. The baseline monitoring should be carried out daily for a period of at least two weeks. The commencement date of baseline monitoring shall be agreed between the ET / IEC / AAHK / PM to ensure timely submission of the baseline monitoring report to EPD. Before commencing the baseline monitoring, the ET should develop and submit to the IEC the baseline monitoring programme such that the IEC can conduct on-site audit to check accuracy of the baseline monitoring results.

4.3.4.2      There should not be any construction activities in the vicinity of the stations during the baseline monitoring.

4.3.4.3      In exceptional cases, when insufficient baseline monitoring data or questionable results are obtained, the ET should liaise with the AAHK / PM, IEC and EPD to agree on an appropriate set of data to be used as a baseline reference and submit to the AAHK / PM and IEC for agreement and EPD for approval.

4.3.5      Impact Monitoring

4.3.5.1      Noise monitoring should be carried out at all the designated monitoring stations when there are project-related construction activities undertaken. The monitoring frequency should depend on the scale of the construction activities. The following is an initial guide on the regular monitoring frequency for each station on a weekly basis when noise generating activities are underway:

     One set of measurements between 0700-1900 hours on normal weekdays.

4.3.5.2      If construction works are extended to include works during the hours of 1900-0700 as well as public holidays and Sundays, additional impact monitoring (including monitoring locations) during respective periods of restricted hours should be subject to the CNP requirements by EPD. Applicable permits under NCO should also be obtained by the Contractor.

4.3.5.3      For schools located near the HKIA (e.g. NM4), noise monitoring should be carried out at the monitoring stations for the schools during the school examination periods. The ET should liaise with the school’s personnel and the Examination Authority to ascertain the exact dates and times of all examination periods during the course of the contract.

4.3.5.4      In case of non-compliance with the construction noise criteria, more frequent monitoring, as specified in the Event and Action Plan in Table 4‑4, should be carried out. This additional monitoring should be continued until the recorded noise levels are rectified or proved to be irrelevant to the construction activities.

4.3.6      Event and Action Plan for Noise

4.3.6.1      The Action and Limit Levels for construction noise are defined in Table 4‑3. Should non-compliance of the criteria occur, action in accordance with the Event and Action Plan in Table 4‑4, should be carried out.

Table 4‑3:         Action and Limit Levels for Construction Noise

Time Period

Action

Limit

0700-1900 hours on normal weekdays

When one valid documented complaint is received.

75* dB(A)

Note:      * reduce to 70 dB(A) for schools and 65 dB(A) during school examination periods.

Table 4‑4:         Event and Action Plan for Construction Noise

 

Event

 

ET

 

IEC

Action

AAHK / PM

 

Contractor

Action Level

1. Notify AAHK / PM, IEC and Contractor;

2. Carry out investigation;

3. Report the results of investigation to the AAHK / PM, IEC and Contractor;

4. Discuss with IEC and Contractor on remedial measures required;

5. Increase monitoring frequency to check mitigation effectiveness.

1. Review the investigation results submitted by the ET;

2. Review the proposed remedial measures by the Contractor and advise the AAHK / PM accordingly;

3. Advise AAHK / PM on the effectiveness of the proposed remedial measures.

1. Confirm receipt of notification of failure in writing;

2. Notify Contractor;

3. In consolidation with IEC, agree with the Contractor on the remedial measures to be implemented;

4. Supervise the implementation of remedial measures.

1. Submit noise mitigation proposals to AAHK / PM and IEC;

2. Implement noise mitigation proposals.

Limit Level

1. Inform AAHK / PM, IEC and Contractor;

2. Repeat measurements to confirm findings;

3. Inform EPD after confirming the validity of exceedance;

4. Increase monitoring frequency;

5. Identify source and investigate the cause of exceedance;

6. Carry out analysis of Contractor’s working procedures;

7. Discus with AAHK / PM, IEC and Contractor on remedial measures required;

8. Assess effectiveness of Contractor’s remedial actions and keep AAHK / PM, IEC and EPD informed of the results;

9. If exceedance stops, cease additional monitoring.

1. Discuss amongst AAHK / PM, ET and Contractor on the potential remedial actions;

2. Review contractor’s remedial actions whenever necessary to assure their effectiveness and advise AAHK / PM accordingly.

1. Confirm receipt of notification of failure in writing;

2. Notify Contractor;

3. In consolidation with IEC, agree with the Contractor on the remedial measures to be implemented;

4. Supervise the implementation of remedial measures;

5. If exceedance continues, consider stopping the Contractor to continue working on that portion of work which causes the exceedance until the exceedance is abated.

1. Take immediate action to avoid further exceedance;

2. Submit proposals for remedial actions to AAHK / PM and IEC within three working days of notification;

3. Implement the agreed proposals;

4. Submit further proposal if problem still not under control;

5. Stop the relevant portion of works as instructed by AAHK / PM until the exceedance is abated.

4.3.7      Mitigation Measures

4.3.7.1      Recommended construction noise control and mitigation measures are proposed in the EIA Report. The Contractor should be responsible for the design and implementation of these measures under the supervision of the AAHK / PM and be monitored by the ET. The implementation schedule of the recommended noise mitigation measures is presented in Appendix C.

4.4      Road Traffic and Marine Traffic Noise Monitoring

4.4.1.1      No adverse road or marine traffic noise impacts are anticipated from operation of the project, hence no environmental monitoring and audit is proposed.

 

 

5        Water Quality Impact

5.1      Construction Water Quality Monitoring

5.1.1      Introduction

5.1.1.1      The main potential water quality impact during construction phase is the release of suspended solids (SS) during land formation. Water jetting and field joint excavation works for the submarine cable diversion may also generate some SS release. Environmental monitoring for these marine works are described in Section 5.1.8

5.1.1.2      The potential risk of contaminants released from pore water during ground improvement via deep cement mixing (DCM) within the contaminated mud pit areas has also been identified as a concern. While the results of the water quality impact assessment suggests that potential contaminant release from pore water would be insignificant, it is recognised that full scale ground improvement works over the completed and capped contaminated mud pits (CMPs) have not previously been implemented in Hong Kong. Therefore, specific environmental monitoring for the initial DCM activities are included as part of the EM&A requirements and are described in Section 5.1.9.

5.1.2      Water Quality Parameters

5.1.2.1      Monitoring of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Dissolved Oxygen Saturation (DO%), pH, temperature, turbidity, salinity, and SS should be undertaken at all designated monitoring locations. Current speed and direction should also be measured at all monitoring locations except for sensitive receivers that are enclosed or surrounded by silt curtains (namely SR1A and SR8).

5.1.2.2      For monitoring of DCM works, there will be an initial intensive monitoring of DO, DO%, pH, temperature, turbidity, salinity, total alkalinity, SS, heavy metals and nutrients at designated DCM-specific monitoring stations. Thereafter, total alkalinity and two representative heavy metals will be monitored at the general monitoring locations.

5.1.2.3      The general and DCM-specific monitoring locations are described in Section 5.1.5. All parameters should be measured in-situ while total alkalinity should be measured on-site and SS, heavy metals and nutrients which should be determined by laboratory. DO should be presented in mg/L and in % saturation.

5.1.2.4      Other relevant data should also be recorded, including monitoring location, time, tidal stages, weather conditions, sea conditions and any special phenomena and work underway at the construction site.

 

5.1.3      Sampling Procedures and Monitoring Equipment

5.1.3.1      Water samples for all monitoring parameters should be collected, stored, preserved and analysed according to the Standard Methods, APHA 22nd ed. and/or other methods as agreed by the EPD. In-situ measurements at monitoring locations including temperature, DO, turbidity, pH, salinity and water depth should be collected by equipment with the characteristics and functions listed in the following sections.

5.1.3.2      Sample data record sheets based on the one presented in the “EM&A Guidelines for Development Projects in Hong Kong” are shown in Appendix B for reference.

5.1.3.3      The following monitoring equipment and facilities should be provided by the ET.

Dissolved Oxygen and Temperature Measuring Equipment

5.1.3.4      The instrument should be portable and weatherproof using a DC power source. It should have a membrane electrode with automatic temperature compensation complete with a cable. The equipment should be capable of measuring:

     A dissolved oxygen level in the range of 0-20 mg/L and 0-200 % saturation; and

     A temperature of 0-45 degree Celsius with a capability of measuring to ±0.1 degree Celsius

pH Measuring Equipment

5.1.3.5      A portable pH meter capable of measuring a range between 0.0 and 14.0 should be provided to measure pH under the specified conditions according to the Standard Methods, APHA.

Turbidity Measurement Instrument

5.1.3.6      The instrument should be portable and weatherproof using a DC power source. It should have a photoelectric sensor capable of measuring turbidity between 0-1000 NTU.

Salinity

5.1.3.7      A portable salinometer capable of measuring salinity in the range of 0-40 ppt should be provided for measuring salinity of the water at each monitoring location.

Total Alkalinity

5.1.3.8      A digital titrator capable of dispensing 0.002ml at one single dispense should be provided to measure the amount of sulphuric acid used in determination of total alkalinity.

Nutrient, Heavy Metals and Suspended Solids (SS)

5.1.3.9      A water sampler comprising a transparent PVC cylinder with a capacity of not less than two litres, and could be effectively sealed with latex cups at both ends, should be used. The sampler should have a positive latching system to keep it open and prevent premature closure until released by a messenger when the sampler is at the selected water depth (e.g. Kahlsico Water Sampler or a similar instrument approved by the AAHK / PM and ET).

5.1.3.10   Water samples for nutrients, heavy metals and SS analysis should be stored in high density polythene bottles with no preservatives added, packed in ice (cooled to 4 şC without being frozen), and delivered to the laboratory within 24 hours of collection.

Water Depth Detector

5.1.3.11   A portable, battery-operated echo sounder should be used for the determination of water depth at each designated monitoring station. The unit would either be handheld or affixed to the bottom of the work boat, if the same vessel is to be used throughout the monitoring programme.

Positioning Device

5.1.3.12   A hand-held or boat-fixed type digital Global Positioning System (dGPS) with way point bearing indication or other equivalent instrument of similar accuracy should be provided and used during monitoring to ensure the monitoring vessel is at the correct location before taking measurements.

Calibration of In-situ Instruments

5.1.3.13   In-situ monitoring instruments for the monitoring of temperature, DO, turbidity, pH and salinity should be checked, calibrated and certified by a laboratory accredited under HOKLAS (or other international accreditation scheme that is HOKLAS-equivalent) before use, and subsequently re-calibrated at three monthly intervals throughout all stages of the water quality monitoring. Responses of sensors and electrodes should be checked with certified standard solutions before use.

5.1.3.14   Wet bulb calibration for the DO meter should be carried out before commencement of monitoring and after completion of all measurements each day. A zero check in distilled water should be performed with the turbidity probe at least once per monitoring day. The probe should then be calibrated with a solution of known NTU. In addition, the turbidity probe should be calibrated at least twice per month to establish the relationship between turbidity readings (in NTU) and levels of suspended solids (in mg/L).  Accuracy check of the digital titrator should be performed at least once per monitoring day.

5.1.3.15   For the on-site calibration of field equipment, the BS 1427:2009, Guide to on-site test methods for the analysis of waters should be observed.

5.1.3.16   Sufficient stocks of spare parts should be maintained for replacements when necessary. Backup monitoring equipment should also be made available so that monitoring can proceed uninterrupted even when some equipment is under maintenance, calibration etc.

5.1.4      Laboratory Measurement / Analysis

5.1.4.1      Analysis of nutrients, heavy metals and SS should be carried out in a HOKLAS laboratory (or other international accredited laboratory that is HOKLAS-equivalent). Sufficient water samples should be collected at the monitoring stations for carrying out the laboratory nutrients, heavy metals and SS determination. The nutrients, heavy metals and SS determination work should start within 24 hours after collection of the water samples. The analysis of nutrients, heavy metals and SS should follow the standard methods summarised in Table 5‑1.

Table 5‑1:         Laboratory Analysis for SS, Nutrients and Heavy Metals

Parameters

Instrumentation

Analytical Method

Reporting Limit

Suspended Solid (SS)

Analytical Balance

APHA 2540D

2 mg/L

Nutrients

 

 

 

Ammonia as N

FIA

APHA 4500

0.01 mg/L

Unionised ammonia (NH3)*

By calculation

By calculation

By calculation

Nitrite as N

FIA

APHA 4500

0.01 mg/L

Nitrate as N

FIA

APHA 4500

0.01 mg/L

TKN as N

Titration

APHA 4500

0.1 mg/L

Total Phosphorus

Colorimetric

APHA 4500

0.01 mg/L

Reactive Phosphorus

FIA

APHA 4500

0.01 mg/L

Heavy Metals

 

 

 

Cadmium (Cd)

ICP-MS

USEPA 6020A

0.1 µg/L

Chromium (Cr)

ICP-MS

USEPA 6020A

0.2 µg/L

Copper (Cu)

ICP-MS

USEPA 6020A

0.2 µg/L

Nickel (Ni)

ICP-MS

USEPA 6020A

0.2 µg/L

Lead (Pb)

ICP-MS

USEPA 6020A

0.2 µg/L

Zinc (Zn)

ICP-MS

USEPA 6020A

1 µg/L

Arsenic (As)

ICP-MS

USEPA 6020A

1 µg/L

Silver (Ag)

ICP-MS

USEPA 6020A

0.1 µg/L

Mercury (Hg)

ICP-MS

APHA 7470A

0.05 µg/L

Note:

* Calculation based on the laboratory result of ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and in-situ measured pH, salinity and temperature.

5.1.4.2      If in-house or non-standard methods are proposed, details of the method verification should, if required, be submitted to EPD. In any circumstances, the sample testing should have comprehensive quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) programmes. The laboratory should be prepared to demonstrate the QC programmes to EPD or their representative if and when required.

5.1.4.3      Additional duplicate samples may be required by EPD for inter laboratory calibration. Remaining samples after analysis should be kept by the laboratory for three months in case repeat analysis is required.

5.1.4.4      If a site laboratory is set up or a non-HOKLAS and non-international accredited laboratory is hired for carrying out the laboratory analysis, the laboratory equipment, analytical procedures, and QC shall be approved by EPD.  All the analysis shall be witnessed by the AAHK / PM.  The ETL shall provide the AAHK / PM and IEC with one copy of the relevant chapters of the “APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater” 22nd edition and any other relevant document for their reference.

5.1.5      Monitoring Locations

General Monitoring Locations (during absence of the enhanced silt curtain)

5.1.5.1      A total of 25 water quality monitoring locations (comprising 14 impact stations, eight sensitive receiver stations and three control stations) have been proposed for the construction and post-construction phases. The coordinates are shown in Table 5‑2 and the locations are shown in Drawing No. MCL/P132/EMA/5-001 and MCL/P132/EMA/5-002b. The final locations and number of monitoring points should be agreed with EPD at least two weeks before undertaking any works.

Table 5‑2:         Water Quality Monitoring Stations (baseline and impact monitoring)

Monitoring Stations

 

Coordinates

Parameters

 

 

Description

Easting

Northing

Baseline Monitoring

Impact Monitoring (excl. intensive DCM)

Construction Activities Monitored

C1

Control

804247

815620

DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS

 

General Parameters

DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS

DCM Parameters

Total Alkalinity, Two Representative Heavy Metals

 

General Parameters

From commencement of advance marine works (submarine 11 kV cable diversion) until completion of all marine filling works for land formation

DCM Parameters

From commencement until completion of all marine-based DCM works

C2

Control

806945

825682

C3(1)

Control

817803

822109

SR2(1)

Planned marine park / hard corals at The Brothers / Tai Mo To

814166

821463

IM1

Impact

806458

818351

DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS

Total Alkalinity

 

 

General Parameters

DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS

DCM Parameters

Total Alkalinity, Two Representative Heavy Metals

General Parameters

From commencement of land formation until completion of all marine filling works

DCM Parameters

From commencement until completion of all marine-based DCM works

IM7

Impact

806835

821349

IM2

Impact

806193

818852

DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS

Total Alkalinity

 

 

General Parameters

DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS

DCM Parameters

Total Alkalinity, Two Representative Heavy Metals

 

General Parameters

From commencement of land formation until completion of nearest 1 km of seawall

DCM Parameters

From commencement until completion of all marine-based DCM works

IM3

Impact

806019

819411

IM4

Impact

805039

819570

IM5

Impact

804924

820564

IM6

Impact

805828

821060

IM8

Impact

807838

821695

IM9*

Impact

808811

822094

DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS, Total Alkalinity, Heavy metals and Nutrients

 

General Parameters

From commencement of land formation until completion of nearest 1 km of seawall

DCM Parameters

From commencement until completion of all marine-based DCM works

IM12*

Impact

811519

821162

IM10*

Impact

809838

822240

General Parameters

From commencement of land formation until completion of all marine filling works

DCM Parameters

From commencement until completion of all marine-based DCM works

IM11*

Impact

810545

821501

IM13

Impact (for submarine 11 kV cable diversion)

Mobile station (500 m envelope of water jetting works)

n/a

General Parameters only

DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS

 

General Parameters only

From commencement until completion of water jetting works

IM14

Impact (for submarine 11 kV cable diversion)

Mobile station (500 m envelope of field joint excavation works)

General Parameters only

From commencement until completion of field joint excavation works

SR1A(2)(3)

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities (HKBCF) Seawater Intake for cooling

812586

820069

DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS

 

General Parameters only

DO, pH, Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, SS

 

General Parameters only

From commencement of advance marine works (submarine 11 kV cable diversion) until completion of all marine filling works for land formation

812660

819977

(since 5 Jan 2019)

SR3

Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park / fishing and spawning grounds in North Lantau

807571

822147

SR4A(3)

Sha Lo Wan

807810

817189

SR5A(3)

San Tau Beach SSSI

810696

816593

SR6(4)

Tai Ho Bay, Near Tai Ho Stream SSSI

814663

817899

SR6A(4)

814739

817963

(since 8 Aug 2019)

SR7

Ma Wan Fish Culture Zone (FCZ)

823742

823636

SR8(5)

Seawater Intake for cooling at Hong Kong International Airport (East)

811593

820417